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Glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Treatment aims to reduce IOP and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Here are the main approaches:

1. Medications

Eye Drops

  • The first line of treatment.

  • Prostaglandin analogs (e.g., latanoprost, bimatoprost): Increase fluid outflow.

  • Beta-blockers (e.g., timolol): Reduce fluid production.

  • Alpha agonists (e.g., brimonidine): Reduce production and increase outflow.

  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., dorzolamide): Reduce fluid production.

  • Rho kinase inhibitors (e.g., netarsudil): Increase drainage.

Oral Medications

  • For more severe cases (e.g., acetazolamide).

2. Laser Therapy

Laser Trabeculoplasty

  • Improves fluid drainage in open-angle glaucoma.

Laser Iridotomy

  • Creates a small hole in the iris for fluid flow in angle-closure glaucoma.

Cyclophotocoagulation

  • Reduces fluid production by targeting the ciliary body.

3. Surgery

Trabeculectomy

  • Creates a new drainage pathway for fluid.

Drainage Implants

  • Inserts a small tube to divert fluid.

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)

  • Smaller incisions with faster recovery.

4. Lifestyle and Monitoring

Emerging Treatments

Importance of Early Detection

  • Regular eye exams to monitor progression.

  • Healthy diet and exercise to support overall eye health.

  • Avoid smoking and manage chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension.

  • New medications targeting different pathways.

  • Gene therapy and neuroprotective strategies.

  • Glaucoma damage is irreversible, so early detection and consistent treatment are essential to preserve vision. Consult an ophthalmologist for personalized management.

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